Students with Special Needs

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If you have a disability or health condition that affects your ability to learn, you may need a 504 Plan or an Individualized Education Plan (IEP). 504 Plans and IEPs are quite different.

504 Plans

A 504 Plan is a plan that helps students with disabilities or health conditions do well in school. It makes sure you get the support you need so you are able to learn just like everyone else. It’s called a 504 Plan because it comes from Section 504 of a law called the Rehabilitation Act of 1973. This is a civil rights law. A civil rights law is a law that helps protect people from being treated unfairly because of things like their disability, race, or who they are.

There are different reasons you may need a 504 Plan. Here are a few common ones:

  1. You have a health condition or disability that makes learning, focusing, or being in class harder.
  2. You need extra support to help you succeed at school.
  3. You need extra help to stay in regular classes.

A 504 Plan includes specific changes or adjustments a school will make to help you learn the same things as other students but in a way that works better for you. These changes and adjustments are known as accommodations. Accommodations are an important part of your 504 Plan. Some examples of accommodations are:

• Extra time to finish tests or assignments
• Taking breaks during class and tests
• Sitting in a quiet or special spot in the classroom
• Getting help with organizing your work
• Using tools like a calculator, fidget toy, or noise cancelling headphones
• Getting copies of notes or class materials
• Being allowed to eat snacks or take medicine at school
• Being able to leave class early or come in late
• Using a computer or tablet for writing or reading
• Having instructions read out loud
• Being allowed to use speech-to-text tools
• Going to the nurse when needed

Note: accommodations are different than modifications, which change what you are expected to learn (not how you learn). Modifications are rarely part of a 504 Plan, but may be included in an Individualized Education Plan (IEP). 

A 504 Plan meeting is all about you. This is when people who support you at school come together to talk about how you are doing and how to help you learn better. This meeting is not about you being in trouble. It’s a meeting to make sure you are getting the right support so you can do your best.

Your 504 Plan meeting will happen at least once a year to make sure your plan is still working and to make any needed changes.

The people who will be at your 504 Plan meeting include:
• YOU – your voice is important!
• Your Parents or Guardians
• Your teachers
• A counselor or school nurse
• A 504 coordinator or special education staff member
• Sometimes other people who know about your needs, like a doctor or therapist

• Your information – This part has your name, grade, and school.
• Your disability or health condition – It explains why you need a 504 Plan.
• What you need help with – This says the things that are hard for you at school, like paying attention or walking between classes.
• Accommodations – This is where your teachers can read about things that help you learn better. This section includes a list of changes or extra support that you will get.
• Who will help you – This says the teachers or staff members who will make sure your accommodations happen.
• Review date – This explains when your 504 Plan will be reviewed to see if it’s working or needs to be changed.

• Your information – This part has your name, grade, and school.
• Your disability or health condition – It explains why you need a 504 Plan.
• What you need help with – This says the things that are hard for you at school, like paying attention or walking between classes.
• Accommodations – This is where your teachers can read about things that help you learn better. This section includes a list of changes or extra support that you will get.
• Who will help you – This says the teachers or staff members who will make sure your accommodations happen.
• Review date – This explains when your 504 Plan will be reviewed to see if it’s working or needs to be changed.

If you are not getting the help you are supposed to – it’s OKAY TO SPEAK UP. Here are some ideas of what you can do:
• Talk to a trusted adult. This can be a teacher, a counselor, your parent or guardian, or anybody else that you trust. You can say something like: “I’m supposed to get _______ in my 504 Plan, but it’s not happening.”
• Ask to talk about your 504 Plan. This is called a 504 Plan Meeting. You can ask a trusted adult to help set this up for you.
• Keep speaking up. You can respectfully remind people about what’s in your plan. Remember your 504 Plan is a LEGAL DOCUMENT. This means that schools must follow it.

The law requires the school to follow your 504 Plan. The better you understand your 504 Plan, the easier it will be to know if your 504 Plan is not being followed or needs to be changed, and the more power you will have over your education. 

You can be your own self-advocate. Advocating for yourself is a skill you will need your whole life. It means speaking up for yourself when the school does not follow your 504 Plan and letting people know what works best for you and what doesn’t. Doing that will make sure you get the support you need to succeed at school.

TERMDEFINITION
504 PlanA plan that gives you extra help or changes at school if you have a disability or health condition.
AccommodationsChanges that make learning easier for you without changing what you are expected to learn.
Civil Rights LawA law that protects people from being treated unfairly because of things like a disability or your race.
Section 504The law that says schools must help students with disabilities learn like everyone else. This is part of the civil rights law called the Rehabilitation Act.
Equal AccessMaking sure every student has the same chance to learn and take part in school activities.
General Education ClassroomA regular classroom where all students learn together.
ModificationsChanges to what you are expected to learn or do in school.
Self-AdvocateWhen you respectfully speak up for yourself and let others know what works best for you in school.
Special Education ClassroomA smaller class with extra support and is taught by a special education teacher.

Individualized Education Plans (IEPs)

IEP stands for individualized education plan (IEP). It helps students who learn differently because of a disability reach their goals. Some students need a little extra help with reading, writing, listening, or other skills and an IEP tells your teachers how to help you. Your IEP makes sure you get the help you need at school.

There are different reasons why you may need an IEP. Here are some common ones:

* You have a disability that affects how you learn. Examples of disabilities that may affect how you learn include ADHD, autism, blindness, deafness, learning disabilities like dyslexia, etc. 

* You need special supports to learn and succeed in school.

* IT’S THE LAW! The Individuals with Disabilities Act (IDEA) makes sure that students with disabilities get the special education services they need to be successful. Everybody deserves to learn.

An IEP meeting is all about you. This is when people who support you at school come together to talk about how you are doing and how to help you learn better. This meeting is not about you getting in trouble. It’s a meeting to make sure you are getting the right support so you can do your best.

Your IEP team meets at least once a year to update your IEP.

Your IEP team is made up of people that care about your success at school. Your team will include:

  • YOU – Your voice is important. If you are in middle or high school, you should be invited to your IEP meeting.
  • Your parents or guardians
  • At least one of your General Education teachers
  • At least one of your Special Education teachers
  • A School Representative – This could be a principal, a case manager, or somebody from the district.
  • Some other people that might be there, if they are needed:
    • School Psychologist
    • Speech Therapist – if you get help with speech or language
    • Occupational Therapist – if you get occupational therapy
    • Physical Therapist – if you get physical therapy
    • Interpreter – if your family speaks a different language
    • Anybody else your family invites
  1. Present Levels of Performance – This section talks about how you are doing right now in school. It will include things you are good at and other things that may be difficult for you.
  2. Accommodations and Modifications – This is where your teachers can read about things that help you learn better. This section includes how the school and teachers can adapt, adjust, or change the environment, instruction, or services for you so that your disability does not affect your learning. Some examples are using a calculator, extended time on assignments, sitting in a quiet spot, shortened assignments, etc. These are all based on your special needs and are different for each student.
  3. Annual Goals – These are things that you are working on this year. Goals will be in areas where you need extra support. Teachers and other school staff members will help you reach your goals.
  4. Transition Plan – If you are 16 years old or older, you and your teachers will talk about what your plans are after you finish high school. This includes college, trade school, jobs, or learning to live on your own.
  5. Services – Services are the special help or teaching that you get. These services may be from a special education teacher, a general education teacher, or a teacher’s aide. It also says where and how often you will receive the extra help.
  6. Related Services – This area includes special supports that you might need. Not everyone has related services. These services include speech therapy, occupational therapy, physical therapy, counseling, blind/vision services, etc.

If you are not getting the help you are supposed to – it’s OKAY TO SPEAK UP. Here are some ideas of what you can do:

  1. Talk to a trusted adult. This can be a teacher, a counselor, your parent or guardian, or anybody else that you trust. You can say something like:

“I’m supposed to get _______ in my IEP, but it’s not happening.”

  1. Ask to talk about your IEP. This is called an IEP Meeting or Amendment. You can ask a trusted adult to help set this up for you.
  2. Keep speaking up. You can respectfully remind people about what’s in your plan. Remember this is a LEGAL DOCUMENT. This means that schools must follow your IEP.

It is important that your voice is heard. The more you understand about your IEP, the more power you have over your own education. It is the school’s legal responsibility to make sure you get the support you need to be successful at school.

You can be your own self-advocate. This is a skill you will need your whole life. Being a self-advocate means speaking up for yourself and letting people know what works best for you and what doesn’t work for you.

TERM

DEFINITION

Accommodations

Changes that make learning easier for you without changing what you are expected to learn.

Advocate

A person who speaks up to make sure you get the help and support you need.

Annual Goals

Things you are working on in your IEP with the help of teachers and other staff members.

FAPE

Free and Appropriate Education – The legal right for you to get a free education that fits your needs.

General Education Classroom

A regular classroom where all students learn together.

IDEA

Individuals with Disabilities Act – The law that says students with disabilities have the right to special education and services so they can learn and grow like everyone else.

IEP

Individualized Education Plan – This is a plan made just for you that explains the help you need at school to accomplish your learning goals. This is a legal document.

IEP Meeting

A meeting with your IEP team to talk about your needs and update your IEP. You will have at least one IEP meeting per year.

Least Restrictive Environment (LRE)

The idea that you should be in the General Education Classroom as much as possible with the right supports.

Modifications

Changes to what you are expected to learn or do in school.

Progress Reports

Updates on how you are doing on your Annual Goals. You will receive progress reports four times a year.

Related Services

These services include speech therapy, occupational therapy, physical therapy, counseling, and other specialized services.

Self-Advocate

When you respectfully speak up for yourself and let others know what works best for you in school.

Special Education Classroom

A smaller class with extra support and is taught by a special education teacher.

Transition Plan

A part of your IEP that helps you get ready for life after high school.